What does the phrase 'thinking distance' mean?

Possible Answers:

a. The distance a vehicle travels from the moment the driver recognises the need to brake, until they begin braking

b. The distance a vehicle travels from the moment the driver recognises the need to brake, until the vehicle stops

c. The distance a vehicle travels from the moment the driver begins to brake, until the vehicle stops

d. The distance a vehicle travels from the moment the driver thinks about stopping, until the vehicle stops

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